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J2-9211 Izboljšanje lastnosti kovinskih materialov s postopkom podhlajevanja

Vodja projekta: izr. prof.dr. Bojan Podgornik
 

Kljub izjemnemu potencialu in sposobnosti procesov podhlajevanja za izboljšanje lastnosti materialov, so ti procesi še vedno komaj poznani, še toliko manj pa aplicirani v praksi. Poleg tega so metalurške osnove, ki so v ozadju teh procesov nepopolno raziskane, ne v celoti poznane in zelo slabo opisane v literaturi. Glavni razlog je v dejstvu, da je bil razvoj te tehnologije predvsem empiričen in temeljil na principu poizkusa in napake, brez jasnega razumevanja znanstvenih osnov in mehanizmov mikrostrukturnih transformacij, ki jih povzroči podhlajevanje. 

Podhlajevanje je termičen proces, podoben toplotni obdelavi, vendar z eno veliko razliko. Konvencionalna toplotna obdelava je že vseskozi sestavni del razvoja materiala, medtem ko podhlajevanje to ni. Kot tako, se podhlajevanje uporablja predvsem kot poizkus reševanja obstoječih problemov oz. zgolj pri nekaterih materialih in na podlagi pozitivnih izkušenj. To je v mnogih primerih privedlo do napačne uporabe postopkov podhlajevanja in s tem do nekonsistentnosti rezultatov. 

Glavni cilj projekta je preiti s pristopa poizkusa in napake na znanstveno podrprt razvoj ter pridobiti poglobljeno fundamentalno znanje o tehnologijah podhlajevanja in njihovega vpliva na lastnosti materiala, vključno z mikrostrukturnimi mehanizmi in transformacijami ter z njimi povezanimi spremembami lastnosti. Pridobitev in poglobitev fundamentalnega znanja je ključno za pripravo jasnih navodil oz. smernic, poznanih pri klasičnih postopkih toplotne obdelave, ter za razvoj standardnih in bolj robustnih postopkov podhlajevanja s precej bolj predvidljivimi rezultati pri industrijski uporabi, predvsem pri večjih in težjih komponentah. Cilj predlagane raziskave je tudi zagotoviti bolj zanesljiv pristop in poglobljeno razumevanje korelacij med mikrostrukturnimi spremembami in lastnostmi. Na ta način se bodo odprle nove možnosti dodatnega izboljšanja lastnosti materialov, izboljšanja oz. doseganja povsem novih lastnosti in vplivanja na lastnosti ne zgolj jekel, temveč tudi drugih kovin.

Projekt je financiran s strani ARRS z 2556 letnimi urami cenovnega razreda C: 1. 7. 2018 – 30. 6. 2021.


Člani projektne skupine:

 

Letni obseg ur

Raziskovalna organizacija

Raziskovalci

1996

Inštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije

Bojan Podgornik — vodja
Franc Tehovnik
Marko Sedlaček
Borut Žužek
Ana Kračun

Božo Skela — MR
Božidar Šarler

Matjaž Godec
Irena Paulin
Darja Feizpour

Barbara Šetina Batič

Matic Klug Jovičevič

Patricija Jovičević Klug — MR

Ana Kračun — MR

560

Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije

Tadeja Kosec
Nina Gartner

Miha Hren

 

Upravljanje projekta:

Trajanje

1. leto

2. leto

3. leto

Delovni sklop

1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

13-15

16-18

19-21

22-24

25-27

28-30

31-33

33-36

DS1

Podhlajevanje jekel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A1.1

Izbor predstavnikov

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A1.2

Vpliv parametrov

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A1.3

Analiza mikrostrukture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A1.4

Meritve lastnosti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DS2

Podhlajevanje neželeznih zlitin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A2.1

Izbor predstavnikov

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A2.2

Vpliv parametrov

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A2.3

Analiza mikrostrukture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A2.4

Meritve lastnosti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DS3

Strategija in integracija podhlajevanja

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A3.1

Izbor in priprava

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A3.2

TO + DCT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A3.3

DCT + SE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A3.4

Analiza mikrostrukture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A3.5

Meritve lastnosti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DS4

Modeliranje in simulacija

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A4.1

Izdelava modelov

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A4.2

Simulacija razvoja mikrostrukture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A4.3

Validacija

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Publikacije

1.01 Izvirni znanstveni članek

1. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Unravelling the role of nitrogen in surface chemistry and oxidation evolution of deep cryogenic treated high-alloyed ferrous alloy. Coatings. 2022, vol. 12, iss. 2, str. 1-15, ilustr. ISSN 2079-6412. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/12/2/213, DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020213. [COBISS.SI-ID 96493827]

2. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, REZAR, Rok, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on natural and artificial aging of Al-Mg-Si alloy EN AW 6026. Journal of alloys and compounds. [Print ed.]. 2022, vol. 899, article 163323, str. 1-14. ISSN 0925-8388. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838821047332?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163323. [COBISS.SI-ID 92076547]

3. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, GUŠTIN, Agnieszka, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, ŠETINA, Barbara, LEBAR, Andrej, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Coupled role of alloying and manufacturing on deep cryogenic treatment performance on high-alloyed ferrous alloys. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2022, vol. 18, str. 3184-3197. ISSN 2238-7854. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785422005257?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.04.025. [COBISS.SI-ID 104363523]

4. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PUŠ, Gašper, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, ŽUŽEK, Borut, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Influence of heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment on properties of high-speed steels. Materials Science & Engineering. A, Structural materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. [Print ed.]. jan. 2022, vol. 829, 12 str., ilustr. ISSN 0921-5093.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921509321014210, DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.142157. [COBISS.SI-ID 79463171]

5. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, VERBOVŠEK, Tim, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, ŠETINA, Barbara, AMBROŽIČ, Bojan, DRAŽIĆ, Goran, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Revealing the Pb whisker growth mechanism from Al-alloy surface and morphological dependency on material stress and growth environment. Materials. 2022, vol. 15, iss. 7, str. 1-23, ilustr. ISSN 1996-1944. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/7/2574, DOI: 10.3390/ma15072574. [COBISS.SI-ID 103036419]

6. PODGORNIK, Bojan, ŠINKO, Mario, GODEC, Matjaž. Dependence of the wear resistance of additive-manufactured maraging steel on the build direction and heat treatment. Additive manufacturing. [Spletna izd.]. oct. 2021, vol. 46, str. 1-10, ilustr. ISSN 2214-7810. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214860421002888?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2021.102123. [COBISS.SI-ID 74971139]

7. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, JENKO, Monika, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, ŠETINA, Barbara, KOVAČ, Janez, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on surface chemistry and microstructure of selected high-speed steels. Applied Surface Science. [Print ed.]. May 2021, vol. 548, str. 1-11, ilustr. ISSN 0169-4332. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433221003330, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149257. [COBISS.SI-ID 50543363]

8. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, MCCORD, Jeffrey, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Investigation of microstructural attributes of steel surfaces through magneto-optical Kerr effect. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. Mar. - Apr. 2021, vol. 11, str. 1245-1259, ilustr. ISSN 2238-7854. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542100106X?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.01.106. [COBISS.SI-ID 50044931]

9. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, SEVER, Tina, FEIZPOUR, Darja, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Impact of steel type, composition and heat treatment parameters on effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment. Journal of materials research and technology. [Spletna izd.]. Sept.-Oct. 2021, vol. 14, str. 1007-1020, ilustr. ISSN 2214-0697. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421006852, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.022. [COBISS.SI-ID 70052611]

10. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KRANJEC, Tjaša, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Cross-effect of surface finishing and deep cryogenic treatment on corrosion resistance of AISI M35 steel. Journal of materials research and technology. [Spletna izd.]. sept.-oct. 2021, vol. 14, str. 2365-2381, ilustr. ISSN 2214-0697. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421007973?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.134. [COBISS.SI-ID 73073155]

11. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, LIPOVŠEK, Nataša, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Optimized Preparation of Deep Cryogenic Treated Steel and Al-alloy Samples for Optimal Microstructure Imaging Results. Materials today communications. 2021, vol. 27, article 102211, str. 1-11, ilustr. ISSN 2352-4928. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352492821002038?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102211. [COBISS.SI-ID 53493251]

12. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KRANJEC, Tjaša, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, KOSEC, Tadeja, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Influence of the deep cryogenic treatment on AISI 52100 and AISI D3 steelʼs corrosion resistance. Materials. Oct. 2021, vol. 14, iss. 21, 16 str., ilustr. ISSN 1996-1944. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6357, DOI: 10.3390/ma14216357. [COBISS.SI-ID 82304003]

13. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, SEDLAČEK, Marko, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on wear and galling properties of high-speed steels. Materials. Dec. 2021, vol. 14, iss. 24, 12 str., ilustr. ISSN 1996-1944. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7561/htm, DOI: 10.3390/ma14247561. [COBISS.SI-ID 88767491]

14. VOGLAR, Jure, NOVAK, Živa, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan, KOSEC, Tadeja. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on corrosion properties of various high-speed steels. Metals. 2021, vol. 11, iss. 1, str. 1-16, ilustr. ISSN 2075-4701. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/14, DOI: 10.3390/met11010014. [COBISS.SI-ID 45107971]

15. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, SEVER, Tina, FEIZPOUR, Darja, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Extraordinary nanocrystalline Pb whisker growth from Bi-Mg-Pb pools in aluminum alloy 6026 moderated through oriented attachment. Nanomaterials. [Online ed.]. 2021, vol. 11, no. 7, 18 str., ilustr. ISSN 2079-4991. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/7/1842/htm, DOI: 10.3390/nano11071842. [COBISS.SI-ID 71371779]

16. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Effectiveness of deep cryogenic treatment on carbide precipitation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020, vol. 9, iss. 6, str. 13014-13026, ilustr. ISSN 2238-7854. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420317889?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.063. [COBISS.SI-ID 32467971]

17. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Comparative study of conventional and deep cryogenic treatment of AISI M3:2 (EN 1.3395) high-speed steel. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020, vol. 9, iss. 6, str. 13118-13127, ilustr. ISSN 2238-7854. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420317932?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.071. [COBISS.SI-ID 32479235]

18. SKELA, Božo, PODGORNIK, Bojan, SEDLAČEK, Marko, KAFEXHIU, Fevzi. Influence of microstructure and mechanical properties of hot work tool steel on wear resistance subjected to high-stress wear conditions. Tribology letters. Apr 2020, 58, [12] str., graf. prikazi, ilustr. ISSN 1023-8883. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11249-020-01300-1.pdf, DOI: 10.1007/s11249-020-01300-1. [COBISS.SI-ID 1582250]

19. RICHIERI MANSO GONÇALVES, Vinícius, PODGORNIK, Bojan, LESKOVŠEK, Vojteh, TOTTEN, George E., CAMPOS FRANCESCHINI CANALE, Lauralice de. Influence of deep cyrogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of spring steels. Journal of materials engineering and performance. Jan 2019, [7] str., graf. prikazi, ilustr. ISSN 1059-9495. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11665-019-3864-6, DOI: 10.1007/s11665-019-3864-6. [COBISS.SI-ID 1450922]

20. VODE, Franci, TEHOVNIK, Franc, ARH, Boštjan, MALEJ, Simon, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Calculation of heat transfer coefficients. Metalurgija. 2019, vol. 58, no. 1/2, str. 36-38, ilustr. ISSN 0543-5846. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330072219_Calculation_of_heat_transfer_coefficients. [COBISS.SI-ID 1476778]

21. KLEMENC, Jernej, PODGORNIK, Bojan. An improved model for predicting the scattered S-N curves. Strojniški vestnik. May 2019, vol. 65, no. 5, str. 265-275, si 35, ilustr. ISSN 0039-2480. https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/an-improved-model-for-predicting-the-scattered-s-n-curves/, DOI: 10.5545/sv-jme.2018.5918. [COBISS.SI-ID 16644891]

22. SKELA, Božo, SEDLAČEK, Marko, KAFEXHIU, Fevzi, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Wear behaviour and correlations to the microstructural characteristics of heat treated hot work tool steel. Wear. [Print ed.]. Apr. 2019, vol. 426-427, str. 1118-1128, ilustr. ISSN 0043-1648. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164818315825, DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2018.12.032. [COBISS.SI-ID 1476522]

 

1.02 Pregledni znanstveni članek

23. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Review on the effect of deep cryogenic treatment of metallic materials in automotive applications. Metals. 2020, vol. 10, no. 4, str. 1-12, ilustr. ISSN 2075-4701. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/4/434, DOI: 10.3390/met10040434. [COBISS.SI-ID 1579178]

 

1.04 Strokovni članek

24. PODGORNIK, Bojan. Advanced materials research for a green future. Glas gospodarstva. [Tiskana izd.]. nov. 2021, str. 132-133. ISSN 1318-3672. https://www.gzs.si/Portals/SN-informacije-Pomoc/Vsebine/Discover%20Slovenia/ds_2021_lores.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 91864067]

 

1.06 Objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje)

25. PODGORNIK, Bojan. Surface engineering in tooling applications and the importance of the substrate. V: MTECH 2019 : conference proceedings. Elektronska izd. Zagreb: Croatian Socitey for Materials and and Tribology, 2019. Str. 449, ilustr. EFC Event, 452. ISSN 2584-4334. [COBISS.SI-ID 1543338]

26. PODGORNIK, Bojan. Fracture toughness and wear resistance of hot work tool steel related to heat treatment conditions. V: Vacuum heat treatment and heat treatment of tools : national conference. Čerčany: ECOSOND, 2018. [10] str., ilustr. ISBN 978-80-907043-1-2. [COBISS.SI-ID 1443498]

 

1.08 Objavljeni znanstveni prispevek na konferenci

27. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Deep cryogenic treatment as the next processing step in teh steel industry. V: The proceedings of the 60th annual conference of metallurgists. Westmount (Canada): The metallurgy and materials society of the Canadian intitute of mining, metallurgy and petrolum, cop. 2021. Str. [231-234], ilustr. ISBN 978-1-926872-53-7. https://com.metsoc.org/. [COBISS.SI-ID 73304323]

28. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KRANJEC, Tjaša, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Modification of steel corrosion resistance in seawater with deep cryogenic treatment. V: The proceedings of the 60th annual conference of metallurgists. Westmount (Canada): The metallurgy and materials society of the Canadian intitute of mining, metallurgy and petrolum, cop. 2021. Str. [897-900], ilustr. ISBN 978-1-926872-53-7. https://com.metsoc.org/. [COBISS.SI-ID 73181699]

29. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Deep cryogenic treatment as the next processing step in steel industry. V: JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia (ur.), et al. Knjiga povzetkov = Book of abstracts. 12. študentska konferenca Mednarodne podiplomske šole Jožefa Stefana in 14. dan mladih raziskovalcev (Konferenca KMBO) = 12th Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Students' Conference and 14th Young Researchers' Day, 15th May 2020. Ljubljana: Mednarodna podiplomska šola Jožefa Stefana: = Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School: Inštitut Jožef Stefan: = Jožef Stefan Institute, 2020. Str. 40. http://ipssc.mps.si/BookOfAbstracts.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 16264963]

30. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Deep cryogenic treatment of metallic materials in automotive applications : a review. V: Heat treatment and surface engineering for automotive : proceedings. Milano: Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia, 2019. ISBN 978-88-98990-19-1. [COBISS.SI-ID 1488810]

31. PODGORNIK, Bojan, SEDLAČEK, Marko, DONIK, Črtomir, KOCIJAN, Aleksandra. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on steel wear and corrosion resistance. V: Heat treatment and surface engineering for automotive : proceedings. Milano: Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia, 2019. ISBN 978-88-98990-19-1. [COBISS.SI-ID 1544874]

32. SKELA, Božo, SEDLAČEK, Marko, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Microstructure and heat treatment of hot work tool steel : influence on mechanical properties and wear behaviour. Key engineering materials. 2018, vol. 767, str. 196-203, ilustr. ISSN 1662-9795. https://www.scientific.net/KEM.767.196, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.767.196. [COBISS.SI-ID 1395370]

 

1.10 Objavljeni povzetek znanstvenega prispevka na konferenci (vabljeno predavanje)

33. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Applicability of Deep Cryogenic Treatment in Emerging Industries. V: TMS 2021 Virtual : 150th annual meeting & exhibition : Orlando, Florida, March 15-18, 2021. [S. l.: s.n.], 2021. E-povzetek, ilustr. http://www.programmaster.org/PM/PM.nsf/UpcomingSymposia/2534795A1172438D852585060068A461?OpenDocument&ParentUNID=6383C692A518AADB8525831F0001E72F. [COBISS.SI-ID 53490179]

34. KLUG JOVIČEVIĆ, Matic, JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Utilization of Magneto-optical Kerr Effect Microscopy for Microstructural Characterization of Steels. V: TMS 2021 Virtual : 150th annual meeting & exhibition : Orlando, Florida, March 15-18, 2021. [S. l.: s.n.], 2021. E-povzetek, ilustr. https://www.jems2020.com/images/Congresso/book-of-abstracts/JEMS2020%20-%20Book%20of%20abstracts%20-%2006122020.pdf. [COBISS.SI-ID 53478915]

 

1.16 Samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji

35. JOVIČEVIĆ KLUG, Patricia, PODGORNIK, Bojan. Deep cryogenic treatment of metallic materials. V: Scholarly Community Encyclopedia. [Basel]: MDPI AG. April 2020, 20 str., graf. prikazi. https://encyclopedia.pub/867, DOI: 10.32545/encyclopedia202004.0015.v3. [COBISS.SI-ID 1583274]

 

3.14 Predavanje na tuji univerzi

36. PODGORNIK, Bojan. Improving properties of tools and dies through deep cryogenic treatment : AWMFT 2018 : 9th November 2018, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan. [COBISS.SI-ID 1471658]